Casaubon /kəˈsɔːbən/ is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Isaac Casaubon (1559–1614), French classical scholar
Méric Casaubon (1599–1671), French-English classical scholar, son of Isaac
Josh Casaubon (born 1978) American actor in One Life to Live
Marcelo Ebrard Casaubón (born 1959), head of government of the Mexican Federal District
Fictional characters:
Edward Casaubon, character in Middlemarch, 1871–72 novel by George Eliot
Casaubon (no first name given), character in Foucault's Pendulum, 1988 novel by Umberto Eco