Caro is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Abraham ben Raphael Caro, Turkish rabbi
Annibale Caro, Italian poet
Anthony Caro (1924–2013)), British sculptor
David Caro, German pedagogue
Elme Marie Caro, French philosopher
Heinrich Caro, German industrial chemist, inventor of the Caro's acid (peroxymonosulfuric acid)
Horatio Caro, British chess player
Isaac ben Joseph Caro, Spanish rabbi
Isabelle Caro, French actress
Jane Caro, Australian commentator, author and academic
José María Caro Martínez, Chilean politician, first Mayor of Pichilemu
José María Caro Rodríguez, Chilean Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
Joseph Chayyim ben Isaac Selig Caro, Polish rabbi
Julio de Caro, Argentine tango musician
Marc Caro, French filmmaker
Mike Caro, American professional poker player and instructor
Niki Caro, film director, producer and screenwriter
Nikodem Caro, industrial chemist, co-inventor of the Frank-Caro process to produce calcium cyanamide
Nydia Caro, Puerto Rican singer and actress
Omari Caro (born 1991), Jamaican–English rugby player
Robert Caro, American biographer
Yossef Caro (1488–1575), rabbi, talmid chacham and author of the Shulchan Aruch
