Caplan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Amanita Caplan, Sense8 characterArthur Caplan, American bioethicistBryan Caplan (born 1971), American economistDavid Caplan (born 1964), Canadian politicianElinor Caplan (born 1944), Canadian politicianFrank Caplan (1911-1988), American toymakerGerald Caplan (born 1938), Canadian political academicIrwin Caplan (1919-2007), American cartoonistLizzy Caplan (born 1982), American actressRalph Caplan (born 1925), American design consultantTwink Caplan, American actressWilfred Caplan, Canadian politician