Bruno's casque headed frog

Bruno's casque-headed frog (Aparasphenodon brunoi) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. Endemic to Brazil, its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Unlike poison dart frogs which merely secrete venom from their skin, this species is equipped with skull spines capable of injecting venom into other animals or human hands via headbutting, a tactic it shares with Corythomantis greeningi. The venom of A. brunoi is estimated to be 25 times as toxic as that of local fer-de-lance pit vipers.