Brackenbury is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Robert Brackenbury (died 1485), English courtier and soldier
Edward Brackenbury (1785–1864), British soldier
Hannah Brackenbury (1795–1873), British philanthropist, benefactress of Balliol College, Oxford
Henry Brackenbury (1837–1914), British soldier
Henry Langton Brackenbury (1868–1920), British politician
Joseph Brackenbury, poet
Curt Brackenbury (born 1952), Canadian ice hockey player