Birnbaum (German for pear tree) is a German, Ashkenazi Jewish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alfred Birnbaum (born 1955), American translator
Allan Birnbaum, statistician
Amy Birnbaum, voice actress
Daniel Birnbaum, curator
Dara Birnbaum, feminist video artist
David Birnbaum, Canadian politician
Frank Birnbaum, cantor
Heinrich Birnbaum, monk
Jacob Birnbaum, human rights activist
Jeffrey Birnbaum, columnist
Jeremiah Birnbaum, singer/songwriter
Henrik Birnbaum (1925–2002), American linguist and Slavist
Karl Birnbaum (1878–1950), German neurologist
Linda Birnbaum, toxicologist and director of the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences
Menachem Birnbaum, book illustrator and portrait painter
Nathan Birnbaum, Jewish philosopher
Norman Birnbaum (born 1926), American sociologist
Morton Birnbaum (1926–2005), American physician
Philip Birnbaum, translator of Jewish prayer book
Roger Birnbaum (born 1950), American film producer
Solomon Birnbaum, Yiddish linguist and son of Nathan Birnbaum
Stephen Birnbaum (1937–1991), travel writer and editor
Steve Birnbaum (born 1991), Major League Soccer player
Uriel Birnbaum, painter, caricaturist, writer and poet
Yaakov (Jacob) Birnbaum, human rights activist
Zygmunt Wilhelm Birnbaum, mathematician and statistician
George Burns (born Nathan Birnbaum)
