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Similar Port‑Royal Logic, Lettres provinciales, Traduction œcuménique de la Bible, Geneva Bible, Vulgate | ||
The Bible de Port-Royal (or Bible de Sacy) is a French translation of the Catholic Bible, which was first published in installments between 1667 and 1696. Though praised for the purity of its classical form, the work attracted the suspicion of the Jesuits, who discovered in it a latent Protestantism, and was criticized by Richard Simon, a former Oratorian, on text-critical grounds. For over three centuries it has been among the most popular of French Bible translations.
History
Several Solitaires of Port-Royal, an early Jansenist monastery, had met to consider the viability of a New Testament translation from 1657 to 1660. One of them, Antoine Le Maistre, began the task of translation in 1657, and his brother, Louis-Isaac Lemaistre de Sacy, continued the work after the former's death in 1658. The Nouveau Testament de Mons (or Version de Mons), their translation of the New Testament, was published in 1667 by Daniel Elzevier. The Old Testament appeared in several parts between 1672 and 1696.
In 1688, Antoine Arnauld published a defence of the translation project against charges of latent Protestantism, the Défense des versions de langue vulgaire de l’Écriture Sainte, in which he argued that, just as the Vulgate had been a translation of the Scriptures into the vernacular of the day, so a translation into French, which had undergone significant reforms at the end of the sixteenth century, was necessary to ensure the intelligibility of the Bible to the common man.
The translation was a "masterpiece of French literary classicism", but was censured by Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet for its "politeness". The Jansenist Martin de Barcos objected that the translators had demystified the Scriptures. Richard Simon, a textual critic and former Oratorian, complained that the work was more interpretative paraphrase than translation, and noted with disapproval the use of the Vulgate, "avec les différences du Grec" (with corrections from the original Greek), as the basis of the Nouveau Testament. Nonetheless, the translation was an immediate success. The philosopher Blaise Pascal, who had seen an early draft of the translation, quoted from the Nouveau Testament in his Pensées.