Bayly is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Charles Bayly (17th century), the first overseas governor of the Hudson's Bay CompanyChristopher Alan Bayly (1945-2015), British historianJaime Bayly (born 1965), Peruvian journalist and writerJoseph T. Bayly (1920-1986), American author and publishing executiveLewis Bayly (died 1631), an English author and Anglican bishopSir Lewis Bayly (1857-1938), a British admiralLorraine Bayly (born 1937), Australian actressMaurice Beddow Bayly (died 1962), English physician, anti-vivisection activist, and anti-vaccination campaignerRobert Bayly (born 1988), Irish footballerThomas Bayly (Maryland) (1775-1829), Maryland congressmanThomas H. Bayly (1810-1856), Virginia congressmanThomas Haynes Bayly (1797-1839), English poet, songwriter and dramatistThomas M. Bayly (1775-1834), Virginia congressmanWilliam Bayly (1737–1810). English astronomerW. R. Bayly (1867–1937) headmaster of Geelong College, Victoria, and Prince Alfred College, South AustraliaZachary Bayly (1841-1916), South African colonial military commander