Baranov (masculine) or Baranova (feminine) (Russian: Баранов, Баранова), also spelt Baranof, Baranoff, is a common Russian surname. It is derived from the sobriquet "баран" (argali, lamb). Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Andreyevich Baranov, first governor of Russian Alaska
Alexander Ivanovich Baranov, Russian Army Colonel General
Alyaksandr Baranaw, Belarusian footballer
Anastasia Baranova, Russian American actress
Elena Baranova, Kyrgyzstan-born professional basketball player in America
Fedor I. Baranov, Russian fisheries scientist
Lyubov Baranova, Soviet cross-country skier
Matwai Baranov, Israeli Olympic wrestler
Natalia Baranova-Masolkina, Russian cross-country skier
Nikolay Baranov (politician), Russian politician
Nikolay Baranov (sprint canoer), Soviet sprint canoer
Oleksandr Baranov, Soviet and Ukrainian football player and coach
Sergei Baranov (figure skater), Ukrainian ice dancer
Sergei Andreyevich Baranov, Russian volleyball player
Valery Baranov, Russian colonel general
Veera Baranova, Estonian triple jumper
Victoria Baranova, Russian track cyclist
Vitaliy Baranov, Ukrainian ice dancer
Vladimir Baranov-Rossine, Russian avant-garde artist
Yevgeni Viktorovich Baranov (b. 1985), Russian footballer
Yevgeni Zakharovich Baranov (1869–1934), Russian historian, see ru:Баранов, Евгений Захарович
