Baranov (masculine) or Baranova (feminine) (Russian: Баранов, Баранова), also spelt Baranof, Baranoff, is a common Russian surname. It is derived from the sobriquet "баран" (argali, lamb). Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Andreyevich Baranov, first governor of Russian AlaskaAlexander Ivanovich Baranov, Russian Army Colonel GeneralAlyaksandr Baranaw, Belarusian footballerAnastasia Baranova, Russian American actressElena Baranova, Kyrgyzstan-born professional basketball player in AmericaFedor I. Baranov, Russian fisheries scientistLyubov Baranova, Soviet cross-country skierMatwai Baranov, Israeli Olympic wrestlerNatalia Baranova-Masolkina, Russian cross-country skierNikolay Baranov (politician), Russian politicianNikolay Baranov (sprint canoer), Soviet sprint canoerOleksandr Baranov, Soviet and Ukrainian football player and coachSergei Baranov (figure skater), Ukrainian ice dancerSergei Andreyevich Baranov, Russian volleyball playerValery Baranov, Russian colonel generalVeera Baranova, Estonian triple jumperVictoria Baranova, Russian track cyclistVitaliy Baranov, Ukrainian ice dancerVladimir Baranov-Rossine, Russian avant-garde artistYevgeni Viktorovich Baranov (b. 1985), Russian footballerYevgeni Zakharovich Baranov (1869–1934), Russian historian, see ru:Баранов, Евгений Захарович