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The Balkan Cross Country Championships is an annual international competition in cross country running between athletes from the Balkans. Organised by the Association of the Balkan Athletics Federations, it traces its history back to 1940 and has been held every year since 1958 (with the exception of 2010).
The championships features two races: a ten-kilometre (6.2-mile) race for men and an eight-kilometre (5-mile) race for women. The distances of the races have varied over the lifetime of the event. Originally the men's race was a 10 km race, but this changed to a 12 km (7.5 miles) race during the period from 1977 to 2008. The women's race began with a 2 km distance, increasing to 4 km in 1977, then 6 km from 1998 to 2008. National team competitions are held within the individual races, with each nation's score being the total of the finishing positions of their best three athletes.
The first edition in 1940 was a men's only competition (Josip Kotnik of Yugoslavia was the inaugural winner). A 15-year gap followed after the onset of World War II and the regional event was reborn in 1955. A two-year gap followed, but the 1958 edition, where Yugoslavia's Olympic medallist and International Cross Country champion Franjo Mihalić was victorious, marked the full establishment of the competition; the Balkan championship was contested annually thereafter. A women's race was held for the first time the following year and Akhad Dil Ciraj of Turkey became the first women's champion.
It is one of three major Balkan regional championships for the sport of athletics, alongside the two annual track and field events – the Balkan Games and the Balkan Indoor Athletics Championships.