Active 1942-1945 Type Army | Country Soviet Union Role Anti-aircraft warfare | |
Part of Transcaucasian Air Defence Zone, Transcaucasian Air Defence Front (from April, 1944) Notable
commanders Maj Gen Pyotr Beskrovnov, Lt. Gen. Nikolai Markov | ||
The Baku Air Defence Army (Russian: Бакинская армия ПВО) was formed on the Eastern Front of World War II, following the decree of the USSR State Defense Committee of April 5, 1942. Previously known as the Baku Air Defence Corps, its main objective became sheltering the Baku oil fields from German raids. The Wehrmacht had been planning the capture of the oil field under the codename Operation Edelweiss. During the intense German air reconnaissance in May–October, 1942 the Army included the 8th Air Defence Fighter Corps, seven anti-aircraft regiments, one anti-aircraft machine-gun regiment, a searchlight regiment, a barrage balloon regiment and some other units. During its actions, the Army downed eight aircraft.
Successor Soviet air defence formations in the Transcaucasus region included the Baku Air Defense District of the Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO), which was founded in 1945 on the basis of the Baku Air Defense Army. In 1948 the District was transformed into a zone/area. From 1954 it was redesignated a District again, until it was abolished on 5 January 1980. It was intended to cover from air attack in Baku and Absheron peninsula oil districts.
Commanders of the Baku Air Defense District from 1954-1956 included Colonel-General Konstantin Vershinin, 1956-1959 - Colonel-General V. D. Ivanov, 1959-1966 - Colonel-General A. F. Shcheglov, 1966-1973 - Colonel-General F. A. Olifirov, 1973-1980 and Colonel-General A. W. Konstantinov.
After the abolition of the Baku District, the main PVO formation in the Trancaucasus became the 19th Army of PVO headquartered in Tblisi. 19th PVO Army consisted a number of different units and formations. There were two Corps of Air Defence Forces (14th, later renamed 96th Air Defence Division, and 51st, activated March 1960 as 12th Air Defence Corps) two divisions of air defence forces (97th and 10th). Smaller units included three SAM brigades, a separate SA-2 regiment near Gudauta, Abkhazia, a separate SA-5 regiment near Tblisi, at least two radar units, and a number of fighter aviation regiments (see List of Soviet Air Force bases).
1988 partial order of battle
In 1988, 10th Air Defence Division consisted of:
In 1988, 12th Air Defence Corps consisted of:
In December 1988, 96th Air Defence Division consisted of:
In December 1988, 97th Air Defence Division consisted of:
There is conflicting information on fighter regiments assigned to the army. Other fighter regiments possibly assigned to the army in the late 1980s may have included:
In 1992 the 10th Air Defence Division and the 14th Air Defence Corps were disbanded.
19th PVO Army was disbanded 1 April 1993, with some equipment handed over to Georgian Ministry of Defence, but most equipment being withdrawn to be disposed of in Russia. Some of the fighter regiments were withdrawn to Russia and disbanded, and many remaining units became part of the 4th Air Army. Georgia was able to seize at least one battalion of S-75 SAMs, two divizions (batteries) of P-125Ms, as well as several P-18 (Spoon Rest) radars.