Baillargeon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Charles-François Baillargeon (1798–1870), Canadian Roman Catholic priest and archbishop
Hélène Baillargeon, (1916–1997), Quebec singer, actor and folklorist
Joel Baillargeon (born 1964), Canadian ice hockey left winger
Luce Baillargeon (born 1977), Canadian judoka
Pascal Baillargeon (born 1986), Canadian football offensive lineman
Paul Baillargeon (born 1943), Canadian composer, known for his music for television shows
Paule Baillargeon (born 1945), Canadian actress and film director
Pierre Baillargeon (1812–1891), Quebec physician and political figure
Renee Baillargeon (born 1954), Alumni Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
