Backhouse is a surname, and may refer to:
Constance Backhouse, CM OOnt FRSC (born 1952), a Canadian legal scholar and historian, specializing in gender and race discrimination,
Edmund Backhouse (1824–1906), English banker, J.P., and MP for Darlington; son of Jonathan Backhouse (1779–1842).
Sir Edmund Backhouse, 2nd Baronet (1873–1944), British would-be oriental scholar and literary forger; son of Jonathan Backhouse (1849–1918).
James Backhouse (1794–1869), English botanist and Quaker missionary; a first cousin of Jonathan Backhouse (1779–1842)
James Backhouse (iv) (1825–1890), botanist, archaeologist, and geologist; son of James Backhouse (1794–1869)
Jonathan Backhouse (1779–1842), banker
Jonathan Backhouse (1849–1918), British baronet and banker; son of Edmund Backhouse (1824–1906)
Robert Backhouse (1854–1940), well-known horticulturist and British archer in the 1908 Olympics; great-nephew of Jonathan Backhouse (1779–1842).
Roger Backhouse (1878–1939), British admiral of the Royal Navy, First Sea Lord 1939; son of Jonathan Backhouse (1849–1918)
Roger Backhouse (economist), Professor of the History and Philosophy of Economics at the University of Birmingham
Tony Backhouse (born 1947), New Zealand musician
William Ormston Backhouse (1885–1962), English agriculturalist and geneticist. Son of Robert Backhouse (1854–1940).
