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In merchandising, back to school is the period in which students and their parents purchase school supplies and apparel for the upcoming school year. At many department stores, back to school sales are advertised as a time when school supplies, children's, and young adults' clothing goes on sale. Office supplies have also become an important part of back to school sales, with the rise in prominence of personal computers and related equipment in education; traditional supplies such as paper, pens, pencils and binders will often be marked at steep discounts, often as loss leaders to entice shoppers to buy other items in the store. Many states offer tax-free periods (usually about a week) at which time any school supplies and children's clothing purchased does not have sales tax added.
Timing
Back to school period of time usually lasts from mid-July through early/mid-September, before the school year starts in the United States, Europe, and Canada. In Australia and New Zealand, this usually occurs in January, while in Malaysia, this period lasts from late November to December. In India, the back to school sales traditionally start in the month of June when schools are about to open. In Japan, which is unusual in that it starts its school year in spring, the back to school sales are traditionally held in late March.
In the United States, back to school shopping is a way to associate Labor Day in the first Monday of September, a widely observed holiday but one with no inherent celebrations, with a shopping tradition, much as Memorial Day is associated with summer products and Thanksgiving has been associated with the impending start of the Christmas shopping season. Labor Day has since become symbolic as the unofficial "end of summer", since most schools and colleges begin their school year around that time.