Böttger or Boettger is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Adolf Böttger (1815–1870), German translator and poetCaesar Rudolf Boettger (1888–1976), German malacologistFritz Böttger (1902–1981), German actor and directorJohann Friedrich Böttger (1682–1719), German alchemistNancy Boettger (born 1943), Iowa Republican State SenatorMatthias Böttger (born 1974), German architect and curatorOskar Boettger (1844–1910), German zoologistRudolf Christian Böttger (1806–1881), German chemistThomas Böttger (born 1957), German composer and pianist