Azione teatrale (English theatrical action, plural azioni teatrali) is a genre of opera, popular in Italy and southern Europe in the late 17th and 18th centuries. It is also sometimes conflated with differing works such as azione scenica, componimento dramatico or componimento da camera.
An azione teatrale was typically shorter in scale, with few actors, usually no chorus, and either presented in a single act or divided into two 'parts.' These musical plays were usually presented for dignitaries in their private palaces, or in the aristocratic theaters of their hosts. Dedicatory in nature, the plots as perfected by the leading light of The Enlightenment stage, Metastasio, revolve around the trial and personal struggle of an individual to overcome hardship, privation, or temptation on his road to being a better man.
Larger works, with more charterers, festive choruses, and often involving historical or mythological characters, were called a festa teatrale.
Examples of the genre include Traetta's Armida (1761), Mozart's Il sogno di Scipione (1772) and Haydn's L'isola disabitata (1779). Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice (1762) also belongs to this genre, though in many ways it is atypical.
The long term influence of this type of stage work can be felt in Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol, where Scrooge is confronted and offered a way to live to his full potential. As such is very much based on Metastasio's Il sogno di Scipione.