Arvidsson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Agnes Arvidsson (1875–1962), Swedish Pharmacist
Eric Arvidsson or Eric Trolle (1460–1530), elected regent of Sweden in 1512 during the era of Kalmar Union
Gösta Arvidsson (1925–2012), Swedish shot putter
Inga-Stina Arvidsson or Inga-Stina Robson (1919–1999), Anglo-Swedish political activist
Isak Arvidsson (born 1992), Swedish tennis player
Jesper Arvidsson (born 1985), Swedish footballer
Lillemor Arvidsson (1943–2012), Swedish trade union leader, Governor of Gotland from 1998 to 2004
Magnus Arvidsson (athlete) (born 1983), male Swedish javelin thrower
Magnus Arvidsson (footballer) (born 1973), Swedish football player
Margareta Arvidsson (born 1947), the 1966 Miss Universe
Mats Arvidsson (born 1958), Swedish former footballer
Pär Arvidsson (born 1960), butterfly swimmer from Sweden
Per-Olof Arvidsson (1864–1947), Swedish shooter
Sofia Arvidsson (born 1984), Swedish tennis player
Torbjörn Arvidsson (born 1968), Swedish football player
Viktor Arvidsson (born 1993), Swedish professional ice hockey player