Arthur is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alex Arthur (born 1978), Scottish boxer
André Arthur (born 1943), Canadian politician
Basil Arthur (1928–1985), New Zealand politician
Beatrice Arthur (1922–2009), American actress
Brad Arthur, Australian rugby league football coach
Carol Arthur (born 1935), American actress
Charles Arthur (1808–1884), Australian cricketer
Charlie Arthur (1863–1924), Welsh rugby player
Chester A. Arthur (1829–1886), American politician and President of the United States
Christine Arthur (born 1963), New Zealand hockey player
Darrell Arthur (born 1988), American basketball player
Desmond Arthur (1884–1913), airman and ghost which haunts RAF Montrose.
Eric Arthur (1898–1982), Canadian architect
Fred Arthur (born 1961), Canadian ice hockey player
Frederick Arthur (1816–1878), British soldier
George Arthur (1784–1854), British politician
Graham Arthur (born 1936), Australian football player
Harold J. Arthur (1904–1971), American politician
Indus Arthur (1941–1984), American actress
James Arthur (singer) (born 1988), British singer and musician who won the ninth series of The X Factor UK in 2012.
Jean Arthur (1900–1991), American actress
John Arthur (1881–1952), Scottish doctor
Johnny Arthur (1883–1951), American actor
Joseph Arthur (born 1971), American singer-songwriter
Julia Arthur (1869–1950), Canadian actress
Kenny Arthur (born 1978), Scottish football player
Maureen Arthur (born 1934), American actress
Michael Arthur (academic) (born 1954), British academic
Oswald Raynor Arthur (1905–1973), British colonial administrator
Owen Arthur (born 1949), Barbados politician
Rebeca Arthur (born 1960), American actress
Richard Arthur (1865–1932), Australian politician
Robert Arthur (film producer) (1909–1986), American film writer and producer
Robert Arthur (radio announcer) (1921–1997), American radio announcer
Robert Arthur (writer) (1909–1969), American mystery writer
Stan Arthur (born 1936), American admiral
Thomas Arthur (disambiguation)
Timothy Shay Arthur (1809–1885), American author
Tom Arthur (1906–1986), Welsh rugby player
W. Brian Arthur (born 1945), British economist
Wilfred Arthur (1919–2000), Australian fighter ace
