Arosemena is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alcibíades Arosemena (1883–1958), Panamanian politicianDomingo Díaz Arosemena (1875–1949), Panamanian politicianEmita Arosemena (born 1931), winner of the Miss Panamá 1953 titleFlorencio Harmodio Arosemena (1872–1945), President of Panama from October 1, 1928 to January 3, 1931Juan Demóstenes Arosemena (1879–1939), President of Panama from October 1, 1936 to December 16, 1939Justo Arosemena (1817–1896), statesman, writer, lawyer and politician from PanamaOtto Arosemena (1925–1984), President of Ecuador, November 16, 1966 to September 1, 1968Pablo Arosemena (1836–1920), First Vice President of Panama from October 5, 1910 to October 1, 1912Reggie Arosemena (born 1986), football MidfielderRubén Arosemena (born 1961), the Second Vice President of Panama from 2004 to 2009Justo Arosemena Lacayo (1929–2000), Colombian sculptor born in PanamaCarlos Julio Arosemena Monroy (1919–2004), President of Ecuador from 7 November 1961 to 11 July 1963Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola (1888–1952), President of Ecuador 15 September 1947 to 1 September 1948