Armelin's calendar was developed around 1887 by French astronomer Gustave Armelin, who developed a twelve-month calendar in which the year of 364 days was divided into four equal quarters of 91 days.
Contents
Armelin's calendar proposal was discussed chiefly under the auspices of the Société astronomique de France in 1887 and recently in the French Academy of Sciences.
Structure
- The year is divided into four quarters of three months each, and the arrangements for the first quarter repeat in each of the other quarters. The first and second month of each quarter have thirty days, and the third month thirty-one days. This accounts for 91 days in each quarter, or 364 days in all.
- The remaining day in ordinary years is "New Year's Day," It is given no other descriptive title. It does not belong to any week or any month. It begins the year. January 1 is the day following New Year's Day.
- The 366th day of leap year is likewise an extra day, bearing an appropriate descriptive name, perhaps "Leap Day," but no week-day name, nor is it a part of any month. It is the day following December 31, and the day preceding New Year's Day. It is assumed to be a holiday — it occurs once every four years. It could follow June 31, if preferred.
- January 1 falls on Monday, as do April 1, July 1, and October 1. The second months in each quarter (February, May, August and November) begin always on Wednesday; and the third months in each quarter (March, June, September and December ) begin always on Friday. The first day of the month never falls on Sunday; the fifteenth day of the month never falls on Sunday; the thirtieth day of the month never falls on Sunday; the last day of each quarter — the thirty-first of March, June, September, December — always falls on Sunday. The thirty-day months always have four Sundays each; and the thirty-one-day months always have five Sundays each. The number of business days (non-weekends) in each month is twenty-six.
- Since 91 is multiple to number 7, each quarter has 13 weeks, and begins on the same day of week.
- The calendar is therefore perennial, since the dates of the year always fall on the same weekday, and the same calendar table represents every year.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of this simple system are evident. The months are nearly equal in length, and all have the same number of business days. Any given day of any month falls on the same day of the week each year. A mind of modest ability will learn in a few minutes the weekday with which each month invariably begins, and will be able to compute quickly the day of the week upon which any day of any month falls. Each stated holiday falls upon its invariable day of the week. Thanksgiving Day falls always on November 30.
A major disadvantage is for sabbatarians, who are obliged to worship every seventh day. Their holy day will occur on a different weekday every year.
Armelin's project received the first premium of the French Astronomical Society. The World Calendar, roughly identical, has been promoted by the World Calendar Association since 1930.[1]