Aria del Gran Duca is a popular melody and ground bass originating in a number by Emilio de Cavalieri in the Florentine Intermedio of 1592. It spread over Europe and was used as a basis of compositions by numerous other Renaissance composers, both anonymous and named, such as Santino Garsi da Parma, Peter Philips, Sweelinck, and Banchieri.
References
Aria del Gran Duca Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA