Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy

Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy (2002) is a book by philosopher Nick Bostrom. Bostrom investigates how to reason when suspected that evidence is biased by "observation selection effects", in other words, evidence that has been filtered by the precondition that there be some appropriate positioned observer to "have" the evidence. This conundrum is sometimes hinted at as "the anthropic principle," "self-locating belief," or "indexical information". Discussed concepts include the self-sampling assumption and the self-indication assumption.