Anselmi is an Italian surname of Germanic origin. In 802 AD, when still called Fighineldi, it was a family of the most ancient nobility in inner Florence ("nobilissima", Scipione Ammirato, Delle famiglie nobili de Florentiia, 1582). Anselmo de Fighineldi, whose ancestors invaded Tuscany in 568 AD, was knighted by Charles the Great (Carolus Magnus) Knight of the Holy Roman Empire. Anselmo lived for a decade at the King's court in Lombardy. His direct descendants were named d'Anselmo until 980 when Grasulf Anselmi took over the Latin genitive as surname. His son, Anselmo Anselmi, was senator of Florence until his death in 1036. His 7th generation descendant, Palla Anselmi became Priore and Noble of Florence in 1283. Palla's son Duccio held the highest communal office, Gonfaloniere of Justice. The main family branch extinguished in 1732. Secondary branches, stemming from Pietro Anselmi (c. 1305-1343), survive nowadays in Northern Italy.
Notable people with the surname include: