Anisimova is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Domna Anisimova ("Blind Domna"), Russian poet
Natalya Anisimova (born 1960), Russian handball player
Nina Aleksandrovna Anisimova (1909-1979), Russian dancer and choreographer
Nina Valentinovna Anisimova (born 1973), Russian triathlete
Tanya Anisimova (born 1966), Russian cellist
Tatyana Anisimova (born 1949), Soviet hurdler
Vera Anisimova (born 1952), Soviet sprinter
