The Andijan uprising of 1898 was a nationalist rebellion which occurred on 30 May [O.S. 18 May] 1898. Over 200 lightly armed men attacked the Russian forces at Andijan (formerly part of the Khanate of Kokand), under the direction of the Naqshbandi Sufi sheikh "Dukchi Ishan" (Muhammad Ali Madali) (1856–1898).
Twenty-two Russian soldiers died, and 18 were wounded. Other attacks were staged simultaneously at Margilan and Ush. Eighteen participants were executed, including the leader. 546 rebels were arrested, and 356 condemned to forced labour or exile to Siberia (163 were set free). The rebel leader was thought to be representative of the Ottoman Empire (but the credentials proved false), and he was declared khan the day before the revolt.
The majority of the rebels were Kyrgyz, who in 1875 had rebelled against Muhammad Khudayar Khan khan (who reigned 1845–1858, 1862–1863, and 1867–1875), and had played a large role in the collapse of the khanate.