Aboab is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Abraham Aboab Falero (died 1642), Portuguese philanthropist
Elijah Aboab Cardoso, philanthropist and founder of the Hamburg synagogue
Immanuel Aboab (c. 1555–1628), Portuguese Jewish scholar
Isaac Aboab I (fl. end of the 14th century), Jewish Talmudic scholar
Isaac Aboab of Castile (1433–1493), Spanish rabbi and Bible commentator
Isaac Aboab da Fonseca (1605–1693), rabbi, scholar, kabbalist and writer
Samuel Aboab (1610–1694), Italian rabbi
