Abney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Derek Abney (born 1980), American footballer
Don Abney (1923–2000), American jazz pianist
Larry Abney (born 1977), American basketball player
Mary Abney (1676–1750), English aristocrat
Thomas Abney (1640–1721), Lord Mayor of London
William de Wiveleslie Abney (1844–1920), English chemist and educationist