Ababkov (Russian: Аба́бков; masculine) or Ababkova (Аба́бкова; feminine) is a Russian last name, a variant of which is Obabkov (Оба́бков; masculine) or Obabkova (Оба́бкова; feminine).
It derives from a patronymic which itself is derived from the nickname "Обабок" (Obabok). There are two theories regarding the origins of this nickname. According to the first one, an obabok is a mushroom variety, and the word, by analogy, is used to describe a short person. The other theory relates the nickname with the Russian word "баба" (baba) (a vulgar or a colloquial word for woman). Obabok would thus be either "an old bachelor" (in Krasnoyarsk dialects of Russian) or simply a mild swear word (in Vologda dialects). In Tver dialects, a similar term "обабочник" (obabochnik) is used to refer to a promiscuous man.