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Births
Deaths
By country
By topic
Establishments
Disestablishments |
Africa
Construction of the Al-Hakim Mosque begins in Cairo.
Europe
The city of Lund, Denmark (now Sweden) is founded.
Religion
The Pax Ecclesiae, an edict by the church in southern France, attempting to outlaw acts of war against non-combatants and the clergy, is promulgated.
Asia
Bakjur tries to capture Aleppo, but is defeated, captured and executed by the Hamdanid emir Sa'd al-Dawla, with Byzantine assistance.
Europe
March: Æthelred the Unready, King of the English, and Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy, sign a treaty of friendship, stating that neither will harbour the other's enemies.
August 10 – Battle of Maldon: The Anglo-Saxons are defeated by Viking invaders, led by Olaf Tryggvason (later Olaf I of Norway).
Sweyn I of Denmark recovers his throne.
Africa
The Ghana Empire captures the Berber town of Awdaghost.
Europe
Boleslaus I becomes Duke of Poland.
Battle of Conquereuil: Fulk Nerra defeats Conan I of Rennes, who is killed in the battle.
Viking settlers establish a mint in Dublin, to produce silver pennies.
Religion
July 4 – Saint Ulrich of Augsburg is canonized.
Astronomy
An increase in carbon-14 concentration, recorded in tree rings, suggests that a strong solar storm may have hit the Earth in either 993 or 994.
Europe
Sweyn Forkbeard marries Sigrid the Haughty.
Otto III reaches his majority, and begins to rule Germany in his own right.
Aethelred II pays £16,000 of Danegeld to Olaf Trygvasson.
Middle East
September 15 – Battle of the Orontes: The Fatimids defeat a Byzantine army, led by Michael Bourtzes.
Astronomy
An increase in carbon-14 concentration, recorded in tree rings, suggests that a strong solar storm may have hit the Earth in either 993 or 994.
Asia
The Liao Dynasty sends a patent of investiture to the new Goryeo king.
Europe
Upon the death of Eric the Victorious, he is succeeded by his son Olof Skötkonung, as the first baptized king of Sweden.
Basil II lifts the siege of Aleppo, by mounting his entire army, and transferring it across Anatolia in sixteen days.
Constantine III becomes king of Scotland.
Boleslaus II of Bohemia massacres the Slavnik's dynasty at Libice.
Olaf Tryggvason is crowned king of Norway, and builds the country's first church.
Aldhun, Bishop of Lindisfarne, moves his episcopal see from Chester-le-Street to Durham in England, to which the remains of Saint Cuthbert (d. 687) are translated.
Asia
Al-Aziz Billah, fifth Fatimid Caliph in Egypt, dies and is succeeded by his son, Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah.
The Niujie Mosque is constructed in Beijing.
The citizens of Tyre rise up in revolt against the Fatimid Caliphate.
Europe
March or April – Pope John XV dies before being able to crown Otto III, King of Germany as Holy Roman Emperor. Otto resides in Pavia, while waiting for the election of the next Pope.
May 21 – Sixteen-year-old Otto III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by his cousin, Pope Gregory V.
October 24 – Hugh Capet, King of France, dies and is succeeded by his son, Robert II of France.
November 1 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi (Austria in Old High German).
In a continuing effort to expend northward, the de facto ruler of al-Andalus, al-Mansur, captures the city of Astorga.
In the Duchy of Normandy, peasants revolt against the Scandinavian aristocracy.
Religion
May 3 – Pope Gregory V succeeds Pope John XV as the 138th pope. He is the 24-year-old Bruno of Carinthia, grandson of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, and first cousin of Otto III. He is the first German Pope.
Europe
The first documented reference, to the city of Gdańsk, is made.
Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia, by Boleslaus I of Poland.
Samuil of Bulgaria is crowned Tsar by Pope Gregory V.
Trondheim, Norway is founded by King Olav Tryggvason. This will function as the main city and capital of Norway, until Bergen is founded in 1070.
In Spain, the Muslim de facto ruler of al-Andalus, al-Mansur, with the support of the Christian Portuguese knights, sacks one of Christendom's holiest sites of pilgrimage, Santiago de Compostella. On their way, they sack the cities of Zamora and Leon.
In Southern Italy, Smaragdos and Peter lead a rebellion against Byzantine rule.
Asia
Battle of Ghazni: Mahmud of Ghazni wins, and succeeds as the Amir of Ghazni.
June – Tyre is stormed by the forces of the Fatimid Caliphate, ending a two-year rebellion of its citizens.
19 July – Battle of Apamea: The Fatimid army, under Jaysh ibn Samsama, defeats and kills the Byzantine general Damian Dalassenos.
The Uji Villa is officially built by Michinaga Fujiwara, as predecessor of Byodo-in in Yamashiro Province, (present day of Kyoto Prefecture) Japan.
Europe
Otto III retakes the city of Rome, and reinstates his cousin, Pope Gregory V, after mutilating and blinding his rival, Antipope John XVI.
St. Volodimir of Rus founds (or, according to some documents, gives his name to) the city of Volodimir of Wolyn, future capital of the kingdom of Ruthenia Minor (Halych-Wolyn Rus).
Emperor Samuil of Western Bulgarian Tsardom launches a military campaign against Kingdom of Croatia, and besieges the city of Zadar.
Religion
A Benedictine abbey is founded at Sherborne.
St. Volodimir, Prince of Kiev Rus (modern Ukraine, Russia and Belarus), baptizes his country.
Asia
The Liao Dynasty Emperor Shengzong commences annual attacks, against the Song Dynasty of China.
The Samanid Dynasty ends with the invasion of the Karakhanids, from north of the river Syr-Darya.
The Marth Mariam Forane Church is established in Arakuzha Village, in Kerala.
Europe
December 30 - The Battle of Glenmama is fought in Ireland.
Silesia is incorporated into territory ruled by Boleslaus I of Poland.
The Orsay Commune is founded in France.
Religion
April 2 – Gerbert of Aurillac becomes Pope Silvester II, and succeeds Pope Gregory V as the 139th pope.
Sigmundur Brestisson introduces Christianity in the Faroe Islands.
Christianity is adopted in Iceland.
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