Published 2003 | ||
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Alternative names Two Micron All-Sky Survey Organization University of Massachusetts Amherst, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration | ||
The Two Micron All-Sky Survey, or 2MASS, was an astronomical survey of the whole sky in the infrared spectrum and one of the most ambitious projects to do so.
It took place between 1997 and 2001, in two different locations at the U.S. Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory on Mount Hopkins, Arizona (G91), and at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile (I02), each using a 1.3-meter telescope for the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively. It was conducted in the short-wavelength infrared at distinct frequency bands near 2 micrometres (or microns), from which the photometric survey with its HgCdTe detectors derives its name.
2MASS produced an astronomical catalog with over 300 million observed objects, including minor planets of the Solar System, brown dwarfs, low-mass stars, nebulae, star clusters and galaxies. In addition, 1 million objects were cataloged in the 2MASS Extended Source Catalog. The cataloged objects are designated with a "2MASS"-prefix.
Catalog
The final data release for 2MASS occurred in 2003, and is served by the Infrared Science Archive. The goals of this survey included:
Numerical descriptions of point sources (stars, planets, asteroids) and extended sources (galaxies, nebulae) were cataloged by automated computer programs to an average limiting magnitude of about 14. More than 300 million point sources and 1 million extended sources were cataloged. In November 2003, a team of scientists announced the discovery of the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, at that time the closest known satellite galaxy to the Milky Way, based on analysis of 2MASS stellar data.
The resulting data and images from the survey are currently in the public domain, and may be accessed online for free by anyone. There is also a list of 2MASS science publications with links to free pre-publication copies of the papers.
2MASS is sponsored by the University of Massachusetts Amherst, the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC, run by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Caltech), NASA, and the National Science Foundation (NSF).