The 23rd Legislative Assembly of Ontario was in session from June 2, 1948 until October 6, 1951, just prior to the 1951 general election. The majority party was the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, however its leader, George Drew, lost his seat in the 1948 general election and soon after resigned as party leader to enter federal politics and take the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. He was replaced on October 19, 1948 by Thomas Laird Kennedy who served as premier and interim Progressive Conservative leader until Leslie Frost became party leader and succeeded Kennedy as premier on May 4, 1949.
The official opposition was led by Ted Jolliffe of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF).
M.C. Davies served as speaker for the assembly.
On April 5, 1951, the Fair Employment Practices Act and the Female Employee's Fair Remuneration Act were passed. The first act introduced fines and a complaint procedure to deal with discrimination based on race or religion in hiring practices. The second act was intended to ensure that female workers were paid the same wage as a male worker doing the same work for the same employer.