The First Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America was in Buenos Aires, Argentina, June 1–12, 1929. 38 delegates, representing Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Cuba, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela, took part in the meeting. The only established communist party in the region that did not participate was the Communist Party of Chile, which at time suffered a period of harsh repression under the Ibáñez government.
The conferenced agreed on an analysis of the Latin American political development, considering that the revolution in Latin America ought to be anti-imperialist, agrarian and democratic. The conference also committed itself to an accord of solidarity with the Soviet Union.