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The 1931 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the 26th edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup. Due to an increase in South American entries, the Americas Zone was split into the North/Central American Zone and the South American Zone. The winner of each sub-zone would play to determine who moved to the Inter-Zonal round. 22 teams would enter the Europe Zone, while 7 would enter the Americas Zone. These included first-time entries from Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, although Brazil withdrew without playing a tie, and Paraguay would not play their second tie until 1982. This year also marked the first time that ties were played in South America.
The United States defeated Argentina in the American Zone, but would then lose to Great Britain in the Inter-Zonal play-off. France defeated Great Britain in the Challenge Round, giving France their fifth straight title. The final was played at Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France on 24–26 July.