18 January - The Council of Trent begins a new session, in the course of which it considers decrees relating to sacred music.
Cristofano Malvezzi enters the service of the Medici in Florence.
Alfonso Ferrabosco the elder arrives in England and is employed at the court of Queen Elizabeth I of England.
Rinaldo del Mel begins his musical studies at the Cathedral of St. Rombaut.
Pietro Aron - Thoscanello de la musica, 4th edition
Jacobus de Kerle - Preces Speciales (setting of texts by Pedro de Soto)
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina – Missa Papae Marcelli
January 20 – Ottavio Rinuccini, librettist (died 1621)
April/May – Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, organist and composer (died 1621)
probable - John Bull, composer and organ builder (died 1628)
October 13 - Claudin de Sermisy, French composer (born c.1490)
December 7 – Adrian Willaert, Flemish composer (born c.1490)
probable - Perissone Cambio, Franco-Flemish composer and singer
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