Ōshima, Oshima, Ooshima or Ohshima (written: 大島, 大嶋 lit. "big island") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Hiromi Oshima, model and playmateHiroshi Ōshima, Japanese ambassador to Nazi Germany during World War IIJoun Ōshima, noted Japanese sculptor in the Meiji/Taisho eraMai Oshima, AKB48Masamitsu Ōshima (1884–1965), Japanese herpetologist and ichthyologistMichiru Oshima, Japanese composerNagisa Oshima, Japanese film directorNaoto Ohshima, original character designer of Sonic the Hedgehog and Dr. RobotnikTakatō Ōshima, made the first blast furnace and western-style cannons in JapanTowa Oshima, manga artistTsutomu Ohshima, martial artist, head of Shotokan Karate of America.Yuko Oshima, AKB48