Čermák (feminine Čermáková) is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anton Cermak (1873–1933), mayor of Chicago, Illinois
František Čermák (born 1976), Czech tennis player
Jaroslav Čermák (born 1929), member of the French Resistance
Jaroslav Čermák (1831–1878), Czech painter
Jiřina Čermáková, Czech field hockey player
Karl Čermak, German Bohemian and Czechoslovak politician
Leokadia Makarska-Čermák, Polish painter and designer
Leoš Čermák (born 1978), Czech ice hockey player
Miloslav Čermák, Czech ice hockey player
Pavel Čermák (born 1989), Czech footballer
Petr Čermák (born 1942), Czech rower
Tomáš Čermák (born 1943), Czech engineer, rector of the Technical University of Ostrava
Vladimír Čermák (1929–2004), Czech philosopher, politologist, lawyer and judge