Ólafsson is a surname of Icelandic origin, that means son of Ólafur. In Icelandic names, the name is not strictly a surname, but a patronymic. The name refers to:
Bragi Ólafsson (b. 1962), Icelandic musician and writer
Eggert Ólafsson (1726–1768), Iceland explorer and writer; conservator of the Icelandic language
Friðrik Ólafsson (b. 1935), Icelandic chess grandmaster
Gunnsteinn Ólafsson (b. 1962), Icelandic orchestra and opera conductor
Hössi Ólafsson (b. 1977), Icelandic rapper and actor
Jón Ólafsson (1850–1916), Icelandic journalist and poet
Kjartan Ólafsson (b. 1958), Icelandic professor at the Iceland Academy of Fine Arts
Logi Ólafsson (b. 1954), Icelandic professional football coach
Ólafur Jóhann Ólafsson (b. 1962), Icelandic writer and businessman; executive vice president of Time Warner