Residence USSR, Ukraine Fields Physiology | Name Platon Kostiuk | |
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Born 20 August 1924
Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, USSR ( 1924-08-20 ) Citizenship USSR (1924–1991)
Ukraine (1991–2010) Institutions Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology
John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kyiv branch Thesis Nerve adaptation to expanding current (1949) Notable students Oleg Kryshtal
Roman Shirokov
Yaroslav Shuba Died May 10, 2010, Kiev, Ukraine Books Calcium Signalling in the Nervous System, Structure and Function of the Descending Systems of the Spinal Cord Alma mater Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Bogomolets National Medical University Institution Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv | ||
Academic advisor Danylo Vorontsov Doctoral advisor Danylo Vorontsov | ||
Platon Hryhorovych Kostiuk (Ukrainian: Платон Григорович Костюк) (20 August 1924 – 10 May 2010) was a Ukrainian physiologist, neurobiologist, electrophysiologist, and biophysicist. He was a member (academician) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine and the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was also a director of the Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and the International Center of Molecular Physiology NAS of Ukraine; chair of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kiev branch, vice-president of the NAS of Ukraine, and chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR.
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Biography
Platon Kostyuk was born in Kiev to the family of the Ukrainian psychologist Hryhoriy Kostyuk. A native speaker of both Ukrainian and Russian, Kostyuk studied English and German, and graduated from high school when the German–Russian War began in 1941. Kostyuk entered Stalingrad University to study biology and Roman philology. He was later evacuated to Siberia where he studied medicine till 1945. After half a year of military medical service, he was demobilized for entry into the Department of Biology at Kyiv University. In parallel he studied psychiatry at Kyiv Medical Institute. Kostyuk worked on his doctoral thesis in Danylo Vorontsov's laboratory of physiology. In his research, he developed microelectrode equipment independently of Judith Graham Pool and Ralph W. Gerard (1949). He completed his doctoral thesis in 1957. In 1958, Kostyuk became Head of the Department of General Nervous System Physiology at the Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology. From 1969 to 2010, he served as the director of the institute.
In 1960–61, Kostiuk was invited to John Eccles' Laboratory in Canberra, Australia to study the mechanisms of synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord. In 1974, he was elected a member (academician) of the Soviet Academy of Science. In 1975–1988, he was the academician-secretary of the Section of Physiology of the academy. In 1975–1990, he was also a deputy in the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR and in 1985–90 was its chairman.
Research
Platon Kostiuk was the first to introduce microelectrode studies of the nervous system in the USSR. He was the first to prove directly the presence of calcium channels in neuronal cell membranes. Under his supervision, two types of calcium currents were discovered: high-voltage activated and low-voltage activated. He also proposed an original hypothesis on calcium channels' selectivity mechanism.
Awards and chairs
Kostiuk was a vice-president of the International Union for Physiologycal Sciences from 1989–1993.
In memoriam
Kostiuk students established Kostyuk Foundation to support young scientists and promote physiological research in Ukraine. Once a year Foundation presents Kostyuk Award to outstanding young researchers in field of biomedical sciences.
Publications
He published more than 1000 scientific papers in Ukrainian, Russian, and English. Some of the most important include: